第二讲 创新与全要素生产率.pdfVIP

创新与全要素生产率 (第二讲) 余典范 上海财经大学 1 交流提纲 一、引言 二、创新经济学 三、TFP及测度 一、引言：何为创新？ 熊彼特：经济发展的动力不是均衡理论所宣称的消费者需求 变动，而是生产者以新的方式重新组合现在的生产要素，即创 新。经济发展是创新打破旧均衡、推进新方式的 “创造性毁灭” 过程。创新包括产品创新、工艺创新、市场创新、供应链创新 和生产组织创新等五种典型形式。 创新+企业+企业家 只有成功实现了商业化的发明，才可以被称 之为创新 ◎ 基础研究-应用研究-试验发展 基础研究-应用研究-试验发展 水鱼鱼市场 （李政道） 4 2021年10月18 日 有趣的文献 Knowledge, Human Capital And Economic Development: Evidence From The British Industrial Revolution, 1750-1930 （B. Zorina Khan ）。..\KNOWLEDGE, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.pptx • 1. This paper examines the contributions of different types of knowledge to British industrialization, by assessing the backgrounds, education and inventive activity of the major contributors to technological advances in Britain during the crucial period between 1750 and 1930. • 2. Results • (1)scientists, engineers or technicians were not well-represented among the British great inventors until very late in the nineteenth century. • (2)individuals who exercised commonplace skills and entrepreneurial abilities to resolve perceived industrial problems. • (3) For developing countries today, costly investments in specialized human capital resources might be less important than incentives for creativity, flexibility, and the ability to make incremental adjustments that can transform existing technologies into inventions that are appropriate for prevailing domestic conditions. 有趣的文献 The Effects of Research & Development Funding On Scientific Productivity: academic Chemistry, 1990-2009(Joshua L. Rosenbloom)THE EFFECTS OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDING.pptx • This ar