单纤维对训练的适应-《首都体育学院学报》(2007年6期).docx

龙源版权所有 单纤维对训练的适应作者：来源：《首都体育学院学报》2007年第06期 Abstract:While specific training programs are used by trainers to induce particular muscle adaptations in athletes,muscle training is also an important component of progressive rehabilitation to limit the atrophic effect associated withimmobilization,ageing, disease or microgravlty. To optimize these different types of intervention,a good understandingof the response to exercise training and the identification of the mechanisms that determine muscle function are re-quired. While whole muscle performance can be partly determined by adaptations in the firing rate of motorneurons,the pattern of motor unit recruitments or muscle size, the present review will focus speclfically on muscle fiber type ex-pression and the functional adaptations of the contractile apparatus following training. Single skinned fibers have beenshown to be a consistent experimental model to be used for the study of contractile characteristics in vitro,associatedwith determinations of myosin heavy chain isoform expression. The main functional and biochemical properties of hu-man fibers have been studied in detail over the last two decades,but more recently,the skinned fiber model has beenused to investigate the single fiber functional adaptations following different types of solicitations. The aim of this arti-cle is to summarize the responses of the contractile apparatus to specific exercise training programs and to formulatetraining recommendations appiicable to sport sciences and rehabilitation. Key words: Skinned fibers： Mechanical properties：shortening velocity; Ca2+senaitivity，Electrophoresis 作者簡介：Smgle flber adaptanons to training 1　introductjon Human skeletal museles are able t。resond to a largerange 0f functional demands．The functional flebilty whicha110ws the same musele t0 be used for various task5(posturema‘intenance，high precision movements，repeated submaxi‘maIcontractions or powerful maximal contractions)orkinaresftom a sophisticared n