部分主要记住这三大类及下还哪几个discussion of terms and material chapter 10 deontology 2讨论章道义.pdfVIP

部分主要记住这三大类及下还哪几个discussion of terms and material chapter 10 deontology 2讨论章道义.pdf

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Chapter10ContinuesonDeontology

W.D.RossaScottish,20thphilosopheragreeswithKantthatdeon/duty

isthefoundationofmorality,buttheydifferonhowitisderived.According

toKantwederivemoralityfromourreasonandforRoss,itisself-evident

and/orfromourintuition.

RossalsodisagreeswiththeUtilitarian’swhoonlyapplymoralityto

futureandconsequences.Healsoappliesmoralitynotonlytotime

intermsofthefuture,butalsotothepastandpresent/on-goingduties

(ashecallsthem).ForRoss,Utilitarian’sneglectthepresentandpast

duties,whichhefindsproblematic.Henceheaddsthesetwocategories

ofduties.ThatiswhyhisPrimafaciedutieshavethreecategories:

theOn-going/presentduties,PastdutiesandFutureduties.

ROSS的部分主要记住这三大类DUTY及三大类下还分哪几个

DUTIES。记住概念。

SimilartotheUtilitarian’s,RosshastwodutiesfallingundertheFuture

Duties:BeneficenceandNon-Malificence.Futureduty下包括Beneficence

andNon-Malificence2个子duties,都是为了promotehappiness,与

utilitarianism类似)

Beneficence:thedutytodogoodactionsandpromotehappiness.

Onewouldbenggoodandreasinghappiness.

Non-Malificence:thedutytodonoharmandpreventharm.Actually

withthisfutureduty,itisNOTenoughtonotharm,butmoreimportantly

imperativetopreventharmfromoccurring.Thesetwodutiescombined

workwelltogethertobringandpromotehappiness.

Page2

On-goingorPresentdutieslude:Selfimprovement,

andJusticewhichhastwosub-categories:DistributiveJustice

andRetributiveJustice.Presentduty下包括Selfimprovement,

andJustice2个子DUTIES

SelfImprovement–thefirstOn-goingDuty

Againemphasizingwhatitisnottodefheterm.SelfImprovement

hasnothingtodowithgettinganewwardrobe,newjobornewhairstyle.

Inotherwords,ithasnothingtodowithexternalfactorsthatyoucanchange

easily.Ithastodowithinternalfactorstha

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