美国田径运动管理探析-《首都体育学院学报》(2010年3期).docx

龙源版权所有 美国田径运动管理探析作者：潘 前来源：《首都体育学院学报》2010年第03期 摘 要:美国田径长期在世界上保持领先地位。运用文献法对美国田径管理体系进行研究,以期为我国田径运动的发展提供参考依据。结果显示:美国田协组织机构健全,法规制度和管理职能完善,构建了以业余俱乐部为参赛和训练单位,以奥运会为最高目标,以青少年为重点,以地方、地理区、全国3层次锦标赛为杠杆的完整竞赛训练体系;大中学田径以全面培养人为主要目标,实行分赛季、分层次、分级别的竞赛制度,参赛学校数和学生数非常众多;田协、大学、中学3大体系虽互为独立,但又以田协为主导,相互协调且互为补充,全国形成了与教育体制相结合,纵横交错、层层衔接的庞大青少年田径竞赛训练网。结论为:美国田径管理组织机构健全,3大体系各有侧重且相互间协调发展,每年有100多万青少年儿童参加田径竞赛训练,优秀青少年运动员层出不穷,为美国田径保持强大奠定了宽广而坚实的人才基础。 关键词: 美国田协;大中学;田径;竞赛训练;管理;竞赛训练体系 中图分类号: G 82 文章编号:1009-783X(2010)03-0029-05 文献标志码: A Abstract:US track and field has kept the No.1 position in the world for a great many years.By means of literature review,the author of this paper conducts a research on the T&F administration system in the USA for the purpose of providing references for the development of China’s T&F.Study indicates that the organization,laws and regulations,and administrative function of USATF are perfect.Aiming at Olympics and with a stress on juniors,USATF has established an integrated competition and training system including local,regional and national championships participated by amateur clubs and athletes.In the level of college and high school T&F,overall education is a major goal,while competition systems are implemented with divided seasons,stages and divisions so that the T&F participation,either by schools or by students,is very numerous.Although the three levels of USATF,college and high school are independent of each other,they can develop in a harmonious way and reinforce each other with the governance of USATF to build a huge,crisscross and different-level-linking-up network of junior T&F that is integrated with the educational system.It is concluded that the T&F administrative organizations in the USA are sound,while each of the three systems has its own stress and all of them work in coordination.As a result,more than a million youth and children participate in T&F every year and outstanding junior athletes emerge in endlessly.The system provides a wide and solid found