膀胱尿路上皮癌恶性程度分级和浸润程度分期的进展.ppt

膀胱尿路上皮癌恶性程度分级和浸润程度分期的进展;介绍;主要分期（Stage)和分级（Grade)标准;膀胱尿路上皮癌的组织学分级;膀胱癌的组织学分级;Grading system;历史发展和演变;历史发展和演变;Urothelial Papilloma Urothelial papilloma is defined as discrete papillary growth with a central fibrovascular cores lined by urothelium of normal thickness and cytology. There is no need for counting the number of cell layers. 散在的乳头状肿瘤，其中央有中心纤维血管核心，排列着正常厚度，正常细胞的尿路上皮。不需计数细胞的层次。;Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential is a papillary urothelial lesion with an orderly arrangement of cells within papillae with minimal architectural abnormalities and minimal nuclear atypia irrespective of the number of cell layers. The urothelium in papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential is much thicker than in papillomas and/or the nuclei are significantly enlarged and somewhat hyperchromatic. Mitotic figures are infrequent in papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential, and usually confined to the basal layer. 低度恶性潜能的尿路上皮癌指乳头状尿路上皮损害，乳头状肿瘤细胞排列有序，结构轻度异常，细胞核轻度间变，可不考虑细胞层次的数目。低度恶性潜能的尿路上皮癌比乳头状瘤细胞层次明显多，和/或细胞核轻微增大，染色质增多，有丝分裂相偶见，通常限于基底层。;Low-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas are characterized by an overall orderly appearance but with easily recognizable variation of architectural and or cytologic features even at scanning magnification. Variation of polarity and nuclear size, shape, and chromatin texture comprise the minimal but definitive cytologic atypia. Mitotic figures are infrequent and usually seen in the lower half, but may be seen at any level of the urothelium. It is important to recognize that there may be a spectrum of cytologic and architectural abnormalities within a single lesion, such that the entire lesion should be examined, with the highest grade of abnormality noted. 低级乳头状尿路上皮癌 整体排列整齐。高倍视野下细胞特征和结构有明显的变异，极向和细胞核大小、形状、染色质的变化虽然不是很明显，但又肯定的细胞的病变。有丝分裂相少见。;High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma High-grade papillary uroth