人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction学案1：被动语态.docx

人教版(新教材)高中英语选择性必修第四册 PAGE PAGE 1 被动语态(Passive Voice) 情景探究 观察上面对话, 并完成句子 (1) I __________(tell) not to take anybody’s belongings without permissions when I was little. (2) By the end of last year, another new gymnasium __________________(complete) in Beijing.? (3) The news _________________(send) the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived. 要义详析 一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况: 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 *Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 *The tree was broken by that boy. 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况 1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时, 有两种方法: (1)间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变; (2)直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 *He told us a story. 他给我们讲故事。 →We were told a story by him. 我们听(他讲)故事。 →A story was told to us by him. 故事由他给我们讲。 2. 动词短语视为一个整体, 其后的介词或副词不能省去。 *She will take good care of the children. 她将会好好照顾孩子们。 →The children will be taken good care of by her. 孩子们将由她来好好照顾。 3. 复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语, 而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意: 省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to必须补上。例如: *Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday. →He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday. 4. 特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序: 一般用“By+疑问词”开头。 *Who has broken the cup? 谁打碎了杯子? →By whom has the cup been broken? 杯子被谁打碎了? 〖即学活用〗 My English name is Walter. It _______________________ when I was at the university. ? 我的英文名是Walter, 它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。 (2) Her money ______________________ and her patience is also running out. ? 她的钱已经用完了, 她的耐心也要耗尽了。 (3) ________________________ by the moving movie. ? 我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。 三、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1. 意义差别: 被动语态强调动作; 过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。如: *The window is broken. 窗子破了。 *The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。 2. 用法差别: 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征, 可以被 so, very, too等程度副词修饰, 而被动语态则不能用so, very, too修饰, 而需用much, very much, so much, too much修饰。如: *He was very interested in science. 他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构) *I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do. 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊, 不知所措。(被动语态) 〖即学活用〗语法填空 (1) I was pleased _______ (hear)you’ve been promoted. ? (2) He was pleased ____ his teacher’s praise. (3) I was quite surprised _____ t