D带G带对石墨化的影响.pdfVIP

REVIEW ARTICLE PUBLISHED ONLINE: 4 APRIL 2013 |  DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2013.46 Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene 1 2 Andrea C. Ferrari * and Denis M. Basko Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of perturbations, such as electric and magnetic fields, strain, doping, disorder and 2 functional groups. This, in turn, provides insight into all sp -bonded carbon allotropes, because graphene is their fundamental building block. Here we review the state of the art, future directions and open questions in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. We describe essential physical processes whose importance has only recently been recognized, such as the various types of resonance at play, and the role of quantum interference. We update all basic concepts and notations, and propose a terminology that is able to describe any result in literature. We finally highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for layered materials other than graphene. raphene is the two-dimensional building block for sp2 The toll for the simplicity of Raman measurements is paid carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality. It can be when it comes to data interpretation. The spectra of all carbon- Gstacked into three-dimensional graphite, rolled into one- based materials show only a few prominent features, regardless dimensional nanotube