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English Lexicology;What is language?;What is linguistics?;What is lexicology?;Aims of the course:;The significance of the course:;Recommended Readings:;Grading;Chapter I;English is a language of complex components. On the one hand , English, as a Germanic languages, shares similar grammatical structures and many common words with other languages in the Germanic language group such as German, Dutch, Danish, Flemish and Swedish. On the other hand, half of its vocabulary is derived from the Latin directly or French and other romance languages. In addition, English vocabulary contains many borrowing from many other languages in the world, Hindi, Arabic, Malay, Chinese, American Indians, etc
It is no exaggeration to say that English has an undoubted cosmopolitan vocabulary. ;What was the original source of English vocabulary?
Why and how has English expanded its vocabulary by assimilating so many foreign words in the course of its development?
What are the underlying reasons for the rapid expansion of English vocabulary?
How is English related with other languages in the world in terms of vocabulary?;Content;What is the Vocabulary? : ;The role of vocabulary in the language system
Vocabulary is the building material of the language system. It is one of the there essential elements of language: speech sounds, grammar and vocabulary.
“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
“…there is a sense in which learning a foreign language is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary of that language. Not being able to find the words to express yourself is the most frustrating experience in speaking another language.”
.
;Classification of languages:;The World Languages;1.1 The Indo-European Language Family;Family(语系) vs. Branch(语支);Indo-European family:;Groups of related languages have a common ancestor. We refer to their common ancestor languages by using the Proto- prefix:
Proto-Italic
Proto-Celtic
Proto-Hellenic
A branc
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