第一课--翻译的性质和标准 (2).pptVIP

English-Chinese Translation Course Introduction Content: translation theories translation techniques comparative studies of C&E Approach: comparison & discussion Assessment: written work & sit-in test Constitution Preparation (concepts & examples) Comparison / Discussion / Appreciation (pair & group) Oral & Written Practice (in-class & after-class) Teaching Objectives A comprehensive application of two languages A speed of 250-300 words/hour between Chinese and English Accurate and fluent translation Assessment Non-test -- 40% attendance, class performance, homework, etc. Test -- 60% phrase translation; sentence translation; passage translation, etc. What is translation? 广义的翻译 1. 简言之，无论是在一种语言之内或是在不同语言之间，人们的交际就等于翻译。(Steiner) 2. 理解即解码，领会重要含义即翻译。(Steiner) 3. 解释（即翻译）可是任何一个文本，它使得本来难以理解的东西变得易于理解，这不仅指一种语言译成另一种语言，而且还指评论、词语解释、注解、意译、直译（不管这些翻译是离原文更近或是更远）。这个术语还可拓展，包括对深奥学科的阐释、对梦和神谕的阐释、对隐含问题提出的解决方案及对所有尚未知的事物所作的说明等。(Lefevere) What is translation? 狭义的翻译 两种不同语言之间的转换以及与此紧密相关的问题 语言层面 超越语言层面 强调双方的沟通、相互渗透与互动 从艺术的角度出发 Understanding Translation Definitions of proper translating are almost as numerous and varied as the persons who have undertaken to discuss the subject. This diversity is in a sense quite understandable; for there are vast differences in the materials translated, in the purpose of the publication, and in the needs of the prospective audience. Moreover, live languages are constantly changing and stylistic preferences undergo continual modification. Thus a translation acceptable in one period is often quite unacceptable at a latter time. (Nida) 给恰当翻译下的定义可谓五花八门，多得几乎不可胜数，有多少人参与对此讨论，便会生出多少个定义来。这种定义的多样性从某种程度上讲是完全可以理解的。因为所翻译的材料之间区别很大，出版翻译物的目的又不相同，而且针对的读者群需求也不一致。另外，活生生的语言总是处在不断的变化之中，语体风格的去向也总是有所修正，因而在一个时期被接受的译本会在后来的一个时期变得很不可接受。（奈达） 《独立宣言》汉译本 （以“前言”的部分内容为例） We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men a