Introduction to MIMO Systems 程序.doc

Introduction to MIMO Systems This demo introduces Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, which use multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends of a wireless communication system. MIMO systems are increasingly being adopted in communication systems for the potential gains in capacity they realize when using multiple antennas. Multiple antennas use the spatial dimension in addition to the time and frequency ones, without changing the bandwidth requirements of the system. For a generic communications link, this demo focuses on transmit diversity in lieu of traditional receive diversity. Using the flat-fading Rayleigh channel, it illustrates the concept of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding, which is employable when multiple transmitter antennas are used. It is assumed here that the channel undergoes independent fading between the multiple transmit-receive antenna pairs. For a chosen system, it also provides a measure of the performance degradation when the channel is imperfectly estimated at the receiver, compared to the case of perfect channel knowledge at the receiver. Contents PART 1: Transmit Diversity vs. Receive Diversity PART 2: Space-Time Block Coding with Channel Estimation PART 3: Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding and Further Explorations PART 1: Transmit Diversity vs. Receive Diversity Using diversity reception is a well-known technique to mitigate the effects of fading over a communications link. However, it has mostly been relegated to the receiver end. In [1], Alamouti proposes a transmit diversity scheme that offers similar diversity gains, using multiple antennas at the transmitter. This was conceived to be more practical as, for example, it would only require multiple antennas at the base station in comparison to multiple antennas for every mobile in a cellular communications system. This section highlights this comparison of transmit vs. receive diversity by simulating coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation over f