unite1INTRODUCTIONTOTRANSLATION.ppt

A Course Book on Translation 1. The Nature of Translation What is the nature of translation? Science Art Craft/Skill 2. Definition of Translation The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969) 狭义的翻译是一种语言活动，是把一种语言表达的内容忠实地用另一种语言表达出来。 3. Scope of translation In terms of language Native languages into foreign languages Foreign languages into native languages In terms of the mode Interpretation Translation Machine translation In terms of materials Scientific materials Translation of literary works Translation of political essays Business Translation Translation of practical writing In terms of disposal full-text translation abridged translation adapted translation 4. Criteria of translation Zhi Qian （支谦）in Three Kingdoms suggested in his articles the translation norms: “following the original meaning without any embroidery. ” 因循本质，不加文饰 Monk Dao An （道安）in Eastern Jin Dynasty suggested: “preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition” （案本而传不令有损言游字） Kumurajiva （鸠摩罗什）Indian born translator in China. He suggested: “elegance based on the original” （依实出华）创立“意译派” The great translator Xuanzang （玄奘）in Tang Dynasty. He spent 19 years translating 75 volumes of Buddhist scriptures. He suggested in his translating: “A good translation should be both faithful to the original and intelligible to the public” （既须求真、又须喻俗）and “five don’t” （五不翻）. In the five cases he turned to transliteration. Yan Fu advocated three Chinese characters as translation norms: “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance”. 清代著名翻译家严复在