中国古代四大发明中英文版.ppt

1、Papermaking When the paper appeared? What is to be made of? First paper appeared at Xi'an in the Western Han Dynasty, and it made by oakum . ???? In 1986, a tomb in Tianshui of Gansu Province unearthed a paper map. According to appraisal of some experts ，this piece of paper is a plant fiber paper. 最早的纸出现在西汉时期的西安，是用麻絮来制成的。 1986年，在甘肃省天水的一座古墓中 出土了一幅纸地图。经专家鉴定， 认为西汉时期的纸属于植物纤维纸。 Papermaking When it appeared that today's paper experience ? Who invented it? In? Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summarized the experience, improved paper making, so this paper is also known as "Marquis Cai's paper." 如今的造纸经验在什么时候就出现了？由谁发明？ 东汉末年，蔡伦总结了造纸经验，改进了造纸法，所以这种纸又称为“蔡候纸”。 What raw materials used in Eastern Han Dynasty papermaking ? What is the process? Raw materials - bark, hemp head, rags, old fishing nets Process - Pulping, paper fishing, drying 东汉时造纸使用什么原料？有什么工序？ 原料——树皮、麻头、破布、旧鱼网 工序——制浆、捞纸、烘干 Papermaking papermaking propagation ??? 4th century AD, introduced to the Korean, Vietnam. ??? 7th century, introduced to Japan, the Arab region. ??? 12th century, spread to Europe, Africa. 造纸术对外流传 公元4世纪，传入朝鲜、越南。 公元7世纪，传入日本、阿拉伯地区。 公元12世纪，传入欧洲、非洲。 2、Printing Printing How is the printing generated? ??? The earliest books are copied by hand, but then it is also time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore， printing generated . 印刷术是怎么样产生的？ 最早的书籍是用手来抄写的，但是这样既费时费力也容易出错。因此就产生的印刷术。 Most original printing - rubbing method. ??? In 4th century AD, people put the paper on the stone rubbing, get some rubbings.This method is the most original printed methods. 最原始的印刷术——拓印方法。 公元4世纪，人们把纸放在石碑上拓印，得到一些拓本。这种方法就是最原始的印刷方法。 Woodblock printing ????? Sui and Tang dynasties, people put words carved on wood, let the word protruding ink painted on top, then spread on top of paper, brush it. This is the famous woodblock printing. 雕版印刷术 隋唐时期，人们把字刻在木板上，让字凸出，在上面涂上墨，再把纸铺在上面，刷一刷就可以