河南师范大学《831英语写作与翻译》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2009年河南师范大学821英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解 Ⅰ. Match the following numbe
with the corresponding lette
according to the contents and write your a
wer on the A
wer sheet （5 points） 1 Peter Newmark 2 Lawrence Venuti 3 Yan Fu 4 Eugene Nida 5 Fu Lei A） faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance B） resemblance in spirit C） semantic tra
lation and communicative tra
lation D） domestication and foreignization E） functional equivalence 【参考答案】 1C 语义翻译和交际翻译（semantic tra
lation and communicative tra
lation）是英国翻译家纽马克（Newmark）翻译理论的两种基本策略。语义翻译法具有绝对意义，交际翻译法具有相对意义。交际翻译法集归化、意译和地道翻译的优势。 2D 美国学者L. Venuti（文努迪）于1995年提出翻译的归化与异化（domestication and foreignization），指出翻译有两种情况，一种是让读者靠近作者即异化，另一种是让作者靠近读者即归化。 3A “信达雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance）是由我国清末新兴启蒙思想家严复提出的，他在《天演论》中的“译例言”讲到：“译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉”。 4E 功能对等理论（functional equivalence）是由美国语言学家尤金·A·奈达（Eugene Nida）提出，他认为最大的功能对等是指译文文本的读者应该基本上能以原文读者理解和欣赏原文的方式来理解和欣赏译文文本。 5B 傅雷先生提出了神似（resemblance in spirit）的思想。“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”（spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit ）。 Ⅱ. Tra
late the following into Chinese （40 points） What is it that we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that definition. The most thoughtless pe
on is easily made aware that in the idea of literature one essential clement is some relation to a general and common interest of man—so that what applies only to a local, or professional, or merely pe
onal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of a book, will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it is as easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not literature; but inve
ely, much that really is literature never reaches a station in books. The weekly sermo
of Christendom, that vast pulpit literature which acts so exte
ively upon the popular mind—to warn, to uphold, to renew