静电纺丝纳米纤维基吸声材料的研究进展-《现代纺织技术》(2022年5期).docx

龙源版权所有 静电纺丝纳米纤维基吸声材料的研究进展作者：李箫，刘元军，赵晓明来源：《现代纺织技术》2022年第05期 摘要：噪声污染严重危害着人们的生理和心理健康，静电纺丝纳米纤维材料是优良的吸声降噪材料。基于此，针对静电纺丝纳米纤维基吸声材料展开综述。阐述了静电纺丝纳米纤维材料被广泛应用于吸声领域的原因：静电纺丝技术设备简单、原料丰富、工艺可控且成本低廉，纳米纤维材料具有高比表面积、高孔隙率的吸声特征;简述了该材料的吸声原理、影响因素和测试方法;综合论述了基于静电纺丝纳米纤维改善材料吸声性能的3种方式：复合结构、材料改性和静电纺丝纳米纤维气凝胶。 关键词：静电纺丝;纳米纤维材料;吸声性能;吸声材料;复合结构 中图分类号：TS151文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-265X（2022）05-0246-13 Research progress of electrospinning nanofiber-based sound-absorbing materials LI Xiaoa， LIU Yuanjuna，b，c， ZHAO Xiaominga，b，c （a.College of Textile Science and Engineering; b.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites; c.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology， Tiangong University， Tianjin 300387， China）Abstract： Noise pollution is a serious threat to people's physical and mental health. Electrospinning nanofiber materials are excellent sound-absorbing and noise-reducing materials. Based on this， a review of electrospinning nanofiber-based sound-absorbing materials is launched. First， the reason why electrospinning nanofiber materials are widely used in the field of sound absorption is explained： electrospinning technology involves simple equipment， abundant raw materials， controllable technology and low cost. Nanofiber materials have the sound absorption characteristics of high specific surface area and high porosity. Secondly， the authors briefly describe the sound absorption principle， influencing factors and test methods of the materials. Finally， the authors have a comprehensive discussion of three ways to improve the sound absorption performance of materials based on electrospinning nanofibers： composite structure， material modification and electrospinning nanofiber aerogels. Key words： electrospinning; nanofiber materials; sound absorption performance; acoustic materials; composite structure 聲音是人们与这个世界对话的一种方式，声学环境是人们日常生活环境中一个不可缺少的组成部分。然而在今天，伴随着世界范围内工业、交通运输业等产业的不断发展，声学环境的质量日趋下降，噪声污染已经成为世界范围内的四大污染之一。持续时间长、强度大的环境噪声严重危害着人们的生理和心理健康[1-2]。在生态环境部《2021年中国环境噪声污染防治报