射箭运动员在多次重复发射过程中电活性的动态-《首都体育学院学报》(2015年2期).docx

龙源版权所有 射箭运动员在多次重复发射过程中电活性的动态作者：来源：《首都体育学院学报》2015年第02期 摘 要：剧烈运动会导致机体功能潜力的下降和疲劳的累积，而在不同类型肌肉工作中，疲劳过程是在中枢机制和外周机制的参与下发展的。特定机制的优势取决于动作结构及完成该动作的持续时间和强度。疲劳引起生理学功能暂时的不协调，工作的量化指标和质性指标的恶化，提高了其生理学代价。射箭比赛活动是在若干小时中持续静态和动态活动的交替、相对单一形式的工作。研究射箭运动员在完成模拟比赛活动的射箭练习中的肌肉电活性。在对射箭练习的视频资料进行评定的基础上，研究人员将射箭结构划分为各个工作时相，每一个时相的开始和结束时刻都带有明显的界限。射箭的时间参数与记录的被研究肌群电活性的同步化使得能对技术上最重要发射时相进行精细的肌电图像分析。射箭运动员的肌肉提供多次射箭运动的电活性特征的实验数据，是首次明确界定“主导”肌群在射箭运动中技术上的重要时相的具体实施。 关键词： 射箭；肌肉电活性的幅度和频率；“主导”肌群；疲劳 中图分类号： G 887 文章编号：1009783X（2015文献标志码： A Abstract：It is known that strenuous motor activity leads to a decrease in functional reserves of the body and the development of fatigue.While performing different types of muscle work fatigue is being developed involving central and peripheral mechanisms.The predominance of a particular mechanism depends on the structure of movement，duration and intensity of its execution.Fatigue is accompanied by temporal discoordination of physiological functions，deterioration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of performance，increase of its physiological value.Competitive activity of an archer is an alternation of prolonged static and dynamic，relatively monotonous work performed for several hours.The purpose of the present research was to study the electrical activity of the muscles of archers while performing archery exercise which is similar to competitive activity.On the basis of the estimation of the footage of performed shooting exercises the researchers divided the shot structure into the working phases，indicating the boundary moment of the beginning and end of each of them.The synchronization of time parameters of shots with the registered electrical activity of the examined muscles contributed to the precise electromyographic analysis of most technically important shot phases.The paper presents the experimental data on the characteristics of the electrical activity of the archers’ muscles providing multiple bow shooting.It was the first time the “leading” mu