上海戏剧学院1001考博英语年考博真题2014+2021.pdf

2021年上海戏剧学院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part ReadingComprehension Directions: There are seven passages in this part. Each is followed by five questions or unfinishedstatements. Choose the oneoutof the choices markedby A,B, C, andD．andmarkyour answeron theAnswerSheetwith ●． Passage 1 Researchers disagree whether the “use it or lose it”philosophy holds for cognitive aging,but thereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentally activecan slow age—relateddeclines． At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5,000people, some since 1956．People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also farebetter in intellectual function,they find,perhapsbecause chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better,perhapsbecausemoney canbuy intellectually stimulatingthingsliketravel． Education helps, too, researchers say because in instills the conviction that you can always learn something new.The Schaie-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriagewith a stimulating spouse,they say,helpsmaintain intellectualvigor． Flexibility countstoo.Peoplewho stay mentally vibrant are often thosewhodonot insist that “they must do things today as they did before” Schaie says. In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of mental function.And people satisfiedwith lifealso stay morementally fit,hesays． If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200people whose skillshad declined in theprevious 14 years, 40percent regained lost abilities.That advantage held up seven yearslatewhen theywereretested. Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie