谈贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施.docVIP

谈贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施.doc

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谈贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施

  贮碱罐焊接接头开裂原因及防止措施 丁启敏 栾江峰 万发亭 摘 要:结合抚顺石化公司石油一厂两个60 m3立式贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂情况,对其产生的原因和防止措施进行了研究。现场检测和实验室研究结果表明,大多数情况下,贮碱罐焊接热影响区开裂是碱脆应力腐蚀破坏;指出:碱液质量浓度、温度、罐体的应力状态,是形成碱脆破坏的充分必要条件。提出适当调节三要素中的任何一个,都可以有效地避免产生碱脆破坏的观点。在设计和制造贮碱罐防冻加热器的结构时,应优先考虑选用内置加热器形式。主要原因在于:内置加热器结构尺寸远小于外置式结构。特点是:省料(选用镍基或镍钢管以及碳钢管焊制时);便于焊制后整体进行炉中消除应力热处理(碳钢管焊制时);从而避免或减轻碱脆应力腐蚀破坏。其它研究结果也证明:内置蛇形管加热器的优点多于外置式蛇形管加热器。 关键词:碳钢碱罐; 焊接接头; 碱脆; 原因; 措施 分类号:TQ053  文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-396X(2000)01-0055-04 Study on the Reasons and Preventing Measures of the Weld Joint Cracking in Alkali-Stored Tanks Ding Qimin (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fushun Petroleum Institute, Liaoning Fushun 113001, China) Lan Jiangfeng (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fushun Petroleum Institute, Liaoning Fushun 113001, China) Wan Fating (Machine Works of Fushun Petroleum Institute, Liaoning Fushun 113001, China) Abstract:According to the fact that weld HAZ of the two 60 m3 vertical alkali-stored tanks cracked in No.l refinary of Fushun petrochemical corporation. Reasons for their crackings and preventing measures have been studied. The experiment results in the laboratory and on the spot show that caustic embrittlement or stress corrosion is mainly responsible for weld HAZ creacking. It is pointed that alkalis concentration, temperature and stress conditions in tanks are the most important three factors which induced the caustic embrittlement. It is proposed that adjusting properly anyone of the three factors can avoid producing caustic embrittlement. When the structures of the freezing resistant heater in alkali-stored tank are designed and manufactured, it must preferentially select the inner-played heater. The main reason is that size of inner-played heater is much smaller than outer-played one, and its characteristics are as follows:saving materials(when Nickel-base or Nickel-steel and carbon steel pipes are choosed);it is convenient to make postheat stress relief treatment so that caustic embrittlement can be avoided effectively. Other res

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