句式变化的语用理据研究.pdfVIP

Classified Index: H314.3 U.D.C.: 801.56 Graduation Thesis for the M. A. Degree Pragmatic Motivations for Syntactic Change Candidate: Liu Yongdan Supervisor: Prof. Ma Lin Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Arts Specialty: Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Affiliation: Dept. of Foreign Languages Date of Oral Examination: June 26, 2006 Degree Conferring Institution : Harbin Institute of Technology HIT Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 摘要 世界上每种语言中都有其最基本的句型和句式。这些基本的句型和句式 可以看成为一个系统。在这一系统中，有符合人们认知规律的常式句，其主 语、谓语动词、宾语以及其他句子成分都出现在通常的位置上，表现为最一 般的句子语序。此时，形式和意义是统一的。与此相反，变式句则偏离了人 们的认知常式 是最为一般的语序的变体。此时，形式与意义之间出现偏离。 不论变式句还是常式句，要在语言系统中存在、在言语交际中运用，就必然 有其存在的语用价值。 导致句式发生变化的语用理据值得进一步挖掘和探索。仅仅说变式句可 以表达焦点和强调是不够的。通过研究英语和汉语中的句式变化发现，在人 们口头交际或书面语篇中，发生句式变化的语用理据还包括语境、表述重心、 表达意外或惊叹，以及话题的导入和延续等等。在语言的实际运用中，常式 句正是由于以上诸多语用因素的影响和干预而发生变化成为变式句的。 研究英语和汉语句式变化的语用因素不仅有益于英语和汉语的语法教 学，而且对于英汉，汉英翻译也有一定价值。 关键词: 变式句；常式句；语用理据 -I- HIT Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree Abstract Each language in the world has its most typical clause types and forms. The various clause types and forms can be seen as a system. In the system, the clauses which are in agreement with the cognitive patterns are unmarked clauses and the subject, verb, object and other clause elements occur in the usual order. In such situation , there is consistency between the form and meaning. To the contrary , marked clauses do not follow the cognitive patterns and they are the variants of the usual declarative order. In this situation, there is deviation between the form and meaning. Both the unmarked and marked clauses must have their own pragmatic