英语语言学语言学知识点.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Bilingualism(双语现象) Diglossia (高低双语现象) Multilingualism（多语现象）: a linguistic situation in which more than two languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers. 举例： Singapore (English, Chinese, Malay) 第一百二十四页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 Bilingualism(双语现象): a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers Diglossia (高低双语现象): a linguistic situation in which two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play Multilingualism（多语现象）: a linguistic situation more than two varieties are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers 第一百二十五页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 人类语言学 Anthropological Linguistics 定义: study of the relationship between culture and language 假说：Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说)：structure of the language people use influences the way they think and behave (简言之, 语言影响人的思想行为) 第一百二十六页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Edward Sapir (1884 - 1939) and Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941) Our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers’ unique ways of understanding the world. Linguistic determinism: L may determine our thinking patterns. Linguistic relativity: different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around. * 第一百二十七页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 English: horseshoe French: fer a cheval —— iron for horse German: hufeisen —— hoof iron The Eskimos have countless words for snow. The Arabs, for camels. * 第一百二十八页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 心理语言学Psycholinguistics: the study of the mental process of language comprehension and production. 计算机语言学Computational Linguistics: study of the use of computers to process and produce human language. 第一百二十九页，共一百四十六页，2022年，8月28日 语言