梅耶多媒体设计原则.pptx

善用必要认知加工的多媒体教学原则Make good use of the multimedia teaching principle of necessary cognitive processing切块呈现原则目 录01Segmenting Principle预先准备原则02Pre-Training PrincipleCONTENT双重通道原则03Modality Principle梅耶多媒体教学设计10条原则Reduce external cognitive processingUse necessary Facilitates generative 善用必要认知加工减少外在认知加工促进生成认知加工聚焦要义原则Coherence Principle提示结构原则Signaling Principle控制冗余原则Redundancy Principle空间临近原则Spatial Contiguity Principle多种媒体原则Multimedia Principle个性显现原则Personalization Principle原音呈现和形象在屏原则Voice&Image Principle切块呈现原则Segmenting Principle预先准备原则Pre-Training Principle双重通道原则Modality Principle善用必要认知加工的多媒体教学原则Essential cognitive processing必要认知加工：指在工作记忆中对必要材料建构心理表征的认知加工。Cognitive processing of necessary materials to construct mental representations in working memory.Necessary materials必要材料：指那些与教学目标的实现密切相关的、课中的核心信息。Those that are closely related to the realization of teaching objectives, the core information in the lesson.善用必要认知加工的多媒体教学原则如果学习材料特别复杂，同时学习者已有的相关知识又不够，那么就很容易导致必要认知负荷出现过载。（内在认知负荷）If the material is too complex and the learner does not already have enough knowledge about it, it is easy to overload the necessary cognitive load.（Intrinsic cognitive load）In order to reduce the necessary cognitive load, Meyer put forward three multimedia instructional design principles:Segmenting Principle , Pre-Training Principle and Modality Principle.为了降低必要认知负荷，梅耶共提出切块呈现、预先准备、双重通道三条多媒体教学设计原则。第一部分切块呈现原则……Segmenting Principle……01切块呈现原则指将所学材料分块呈现，而不是以一个连续体的形式不间断呈现。The material is presented in chunks rather than as a continuous continuum.切块呈现可以让学习者按照自己的学习步调学习，从而在迁移测试中有更好的表现。Segmenting presentation allows learners to learn at their own pace and thus perform better in the transfer test.切块呈现原则01切块呈现也是针对计算机环境下的学习而言的，学习者可以在一屏的内容学习完成后再学习下一屏的内容。Segmenting presentation is also aimed at learning in the computer environment. Learners can learn the contents of the next screen after learning the contents of one screen.切块呈现原则切块呈现原则并非在所有情境下都适用。The Segmenting principle doesn't work in all situations.梅耶指出，只有当所呈现的材