上海名校2021年高二下英语试卷精选汇编-06.阅读C篇专题.docx

上海名校2021年高二下试卷精选汇编——06.阅读C篇专题 2021年第二学期格致中学第一次测验高二年级英语试卷 （C） Shrimp cocktail, grilled steak with pear kimchi（泡菜）and chocolate cake. Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un had the same food brought to them on individual plates during their summit on February 27th. Psychologists think a meal like this is a good first step towards improving relations. But new work suggests there might have been a more positive outcome with a different serving arrangement. As Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago report in Psychological Science, a meal taken “family-style” from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of subsequent negotiations. Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr. Woolley and Dr. Fishbach wondered whether the way food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity and increase a notion of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others’ needs and drive co-operative behavior as a result. For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants, none of whom knew each other. They were sat at a table and fed chips with sauce. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of sauce, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of sauce to share. The game required the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management. The researchers measured co-operation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster (in 8.7 rounds) than those who did not (13.2 rounds). A similar experiment was conducted with 104 participants and Goldfish crackers, this time n