《卵磷脂的提取及应用综述》-毕业论文.doc

w 卵磷脂的提取及应用综述 学 生： 生命科学学院 指导老师： 生命科学学院 [摘要]：卵磷脂是一种在动、植物中分布很广的磷脂,它价廉而资源丰富,是天然的乳化剂和营养补品。卵磷脂在食品中可用作乳化剂、润湿剂、分散剂、抗老化剂和稳定剂等。在医学上,可降低血脂、治疗脂肪肝和肝硬化,可使老年人动脉血管壁增强和减少坏死,防止血管硬化。20世纪70年代以来,美国就把卵磷脂用于保健食品,总销量仅次于复合维生素C 和维生素E 名列第三位。卵磷脂大都来自于食物,因此没有不良作用。据WHO(世界卫生组织)专门委员会报告,卵磷脂比食用维生素更安全。本文是对目前卵磷脂的提取工艺及在各个领域中的应用进行说明，并对卵磷脂的开发前景做出展望。 [关键词]: 卵磷脂；提取工艺；应用 Lecithin Extraction and its application Student: LiChuanSi，College of Life ScienceYangtze University  Teacher: WuTao，College of Life ScienceYangtze University [Abstract]: Lecithin is a kind of phospholipids ,which is widely distributed in animal and plant .it is cheap and abundant ,what’s more,it is also a natural emulsifier and nutritional supplements. Lecithin can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents, dispersing agents , anti-aging agent , stabilizing agent and so on in food . In medicine, it can reduce blood lipids, cure fatty liver and cirrhosis of the liver, additionally ,it can also help to enhence and reduce the elderly arterial wall necrosis, prevent hardening of the arteries . The U.S has put the lecithin been used in health foods Since the 1970s,the total sales is in the third place ,which is only second to vitamin C and vitamin E . most of Lecithin are Extracted from food, so there is no adverse effects, according to WHO (World Health Organization) special committee report, phospholipids are safer than consumption of vitamin. This article is to introduce the process of lecithin’s extraction process and the application in various fields , and look ahead the development of lecithin. [Keywords]: Lecithin; Extraction process; Application 1 前言 卵磷脂(lecithin) 自1843 年被法国科学家发现以后,即风靡整个世界,尤其是在近几十年。卵磷脂对人体健康的作用，世界医学在60 年代就已认识了。生物化学、生理解剖学、药剂学已阐述了卵磷脂是构成人体细胞膜的主要物质, 是目前全世界医学界唯一认定有健脑、健智、增强记忆功效的产品,享有“血管清道夫”的美誉。人体内卵磷脂的总量约占体重的百分之一,它普遍存在于人体各个细胞组织和脏器中,特别是在人的大脑、神经系统、心脏、肝脏、皮肤等部位中占有相当大的比例。而含量最高的是人体的大脑,是保持细胞活性的基本动力元素。 商业上的卵磷脂一般来源蛋黄和大豆。来源蛋黄的卵磷脂叫蛋黄卵磷脂,来源大豆的卵磷脂叫大豆卵磷脂。大豆卵磷脂是以大豆油生产中的副产品(大豆油脚)为原料提炼出的卵磷脂(lecithin) ,含有胆碱、维生素、矿物质、亚麻酸、及次亚麻酸等