1.3-减数分裂-英文版课件.ppt

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Meiosis(减数分裂)Insexualreproduction,eachnewindividualbeginswiththeunionoftwogametes.Ifthegameteshadthesamechromosomenumberastheparents,thegametewouldinherittwiceasmanychromosomesaseachparent.Aspecialdivisiontoreducethechromosomenumber(tohalftheparentalnumber)isrequiredpriortofertilization.MeiosisMeiosis,thereductionaldivisionprecedingfertilization,isactuallytwocelldivisionswithonlyasingleroundofDNAreplication.DNAReplicatesMeiosisistwodivisionstepslinkedtoproduce(usually)4haploiddaughtercells,eachofwhichcontainsonlyonecopyofeachchromosome.MeiosisTwodivisionsarereferredtoasmeiosisIandmeiosisII;MeiosisI:sisterchromatidsmovetogethertoonepoleofthecell.MeiosisII:sisterchromatidsseparate(asinmitosis)totwopoles.Eachdivisionisdividedinto4stagesseeninmitosis(prophase,metaphase,anaphase,andtelophase).ThestagenameisfollowedbyaRomanNumeraltoindicatewhichdivisionisbeingdescribed.MeiosisI;

5stagesofProphaseI1)Leptonema(leptotenestage,细线期)2)Zygonema(zygotenestage,偶线期)3)Pachynema(pachytenestage,粗线期)4)Diplonema(diplotenestage,双线期)5)Diakinesis(终变期)MeiosisI;5stagesofProphaseI1)Leptonema(细线期)ThinthreadsofchromatinTipsassociatedwithnuclearmembraneMeiosisI;5stagesofProphaseI2)Zygonema(偶线期)Beginswith“bouquet”(花束)arrangementpairingofhomologouschromosomesSynapsis:synaptonemalcomplex(联会复合体)attacheshomologouschromosomesalongtheirentirelength“bivalents(双价体)”aretheassociatedchromosomepairsRecombinationnodulesarevisibleMeiosisI;5stagesofProphaseI3)Pachynema(粗线期):Chromosomes(bivalents)shortenandthickenRecombinationnodulesarevisibleMeiosisI;5stagesofProphaseI4)Diplonema(双线期):ContinuedchromosomalcondensationChromosomesstarttoseparate,canbeseenaspairedchromo

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