WTO2023世界贸易报告（英）.pdf

What is the World Trade Report? The World Trade Report is an annual publication that aims to deepen understanding about trends in trade, trade policy issues and the multilateral trading system. What is the 2023 Report about? The 2023 World Trade Report evaluates how re-globalization - integrating more people, economies and pressing issues into world trade - can provide solutions to global challenges, and assesses the risks of trade fragmentation. Find out more Website: General enquiries: enquiries@ Tel: +41 (0)22 739 51 11 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 2 Disclaimer 3 Abbreviations 4 Foreword by the WTO Director-General 6 Executive summary a Chapter A: Introduction 16 Chapter B: The reshaping of global trade 24 1. A more fragmented and less predictable trade policy environment 26 2. Trade policy headwinds and uncertainty start to affect trade flows 28 3. In othe『 areas, trade and trade policy continue to make progress 33 4. Conclusions 42 Chapter C: The impact of security concerns on trade 46 1.Introduction 48 2. The changing relationship between trade and security 48 3. Fragmentation is unlikely to increase security 56 4. Re-globalization can contribute to a more resilient and thus safer world 57 5. Conclusions 60 Chapter D: Re-globalization to reduce poverty and inequality 62 1 Introduction .. 64 2. The effects of globalization on poverty and inequa ity 64 l 3. The effects of fragmentation on poverty and inequality 68 ow re-globalization can be made more inclusive 71 4.H 5. Conclusions 85 Chapter E: Re-globalization to promote environmental sustainability 88 .Introduction 90 1 2. Trade can contribute to environmental sustainability.. 90 3.Th