咸阳师院外国语学院写作课件6.ppt

* Forms of composition 1. Narration（记叙文）: writing about events, actions, or incidents In chronological order. The first person or the third person. Event: beginning, development and ending (past tenses for past events). Clearly state time, place, people, event, cause and result. Emphasize the theme, leaving out unnecessary details. * Example: Life on a Farm (Narration) One day down on the farm, something funny happened. My cousin and I got into big trouble with his dad. It all had to do with pigs. It was one of those hot, peaceful days. We were harvesting fruit to sell. The pig pens were near the orchard. The pigs were always allowed to eat the windfalls under the tree. But this time, when harvest was over, they escaped and got into the baskets. * This was serious business. Part of the family income depended on the sale of apples and papayas. Anyway, my uncle gave us orders to fix the pens, and then he left for the market. My cousin was a know-it-all. He had to boss his job, so we put the pigs back in, patched up the big holes, and went swimming. * The trouble began when my uncle got home. The pigs had been squeezing through the small holes. So, my cousin and I were really in hot water. * Forms of composition 2. Description（描写文）: depicting people, objects, or scenery Focus on what’s described Order to describe (center around the typical characteristics and features) Diction (vividness) * Example: Life on a Farm (Description) The still morning calm is broken by the rooster’s crow. Shortly after that all the creatures on the farm are hungrily awake. The birds are singing delightfully, flying from tree to tree. The little chicks hurry around with their mother hen looking for food. * The sun begins to warm the earth. Farmers begin to work hard in the fields, but my cousin is riding on his brown, furry water buffalo. He is playing his flute cheerfully. The cool evening is quiet and peaceful on the farm. The crickets chirp secret messages back an