参考说明分析chapter 9 secondary metabolites.pdf

• Primary metabolism/metabolites: (basic metabolism/metabolites) – Carbohydrates – Fatty acids – Nucleic acid – Amino acid and proteins • Secondary metabolism and secondary metabolites : – Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of organisms. – Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in long-term impairment of the organism's survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all. – Not ubiquitously distributed within the nt kingdom. Found only in a few nt species. • Morphine, for instance, is only known from opium poppy, the hot principle of pepper is restricted to a few tropical Piper species. Major Groups of nt Secondary Metabolites • Lipid derivates • Phenolic compounds • Triterpenes • N-containing compounds Lipid derivates: cutin, waxes and suberin 角质：由羟基脂肪酸聚合形成 蜡质：由直链烷烃、脂肪酸酯类、长链脂肪酸 和长链醇类等组成 软木酯：由由羟基脂肪酸与其他成分聚合形成 Putative megaenzyme DWA1 ys essential roles in drought by regulating stress-induced wax deposition in rice Zhu X , and Xiong L PNAS 2013;110:17790-17795 ©2013 by National Academy of Sciences Unrooted phylogenetic tree and architecture of DWA1 protein orthologs in vascular nts and microbial relatives. Zhu X , and Xiong L PNAS 2013;110:17790-17795 ©2013 by National Academy of Sciences Phenolic compounds • Simple phenolic compounds • Flavonoids： – Flavanols 黄烷醇 – Flavonols 黄酮醇 – Flavones