国际商务-王海文-英文版-第七章 国际贸易发展.pptx

International BusinessProfessor, Heaven Wang Beijing International Studies University Trade,Investment and Finance in International?Business? Chapter VII Development of International TradeMaster international trade theory.Understand international trade policies.Understand international trade barriers.Be familiar with major international trade agreements.Learning TargetsUnderstand the concept, characteristics and development history of the multilateral trading system. 在2005年，印度与世界贸易组织（WTO）签订了一个协议，使之遵守WTO的知识产权规则。印度公司停止了仿冒药物的制造，开始尊重专利权，外国公司便开始与它们进行商业交易，这使得印度制药行业得到了巨大发展。该行业2010年销售额达到240亿美元，比2005年销售额的两倍还多。这一增长的很大一部分源于出口的急速增长，2000年印度医药出口额近10亿美元，而2010年就达到近100亿美元。案例引导：印度制药业的崛起 1International Trade Theory and Its Application 1. Traditional international trade theory and its application1.1MercantilismBackgroundMercantilism is the source of traditional international trade theory, which originated in the 15th-17th century in primitive accumulation of capital, Europe.Main contentsEarly mercantilism, also known as heavy money doctrine, attaches great importance to the importance of money. Late mercantilism is also called trade balance theory. Progress and limitationsMercantilism is an early guiding trade theory in many countries. It raises the international trade behavior to a theoretical level. 1.2 Theory of absolute advantageBackgroundIn 1776, Adam Smith, a famous British economist, created a great book "Research on the Nature and Causes of National Wealth", which influenced the whole economics field. In this book, Adam Smith put forward the theory of international division of labor and international trade with absolute advantage as the motive.Main contentsCountries with high productivity should export more, while countries with low productivity should import more, so that the overall welfare of all countries can rise and all countries can benefit from trade.Progress and limitationsTheory of absolute advantage advocates free trade, and it thinks that international trade is mu