健康经济学（巴塔查里亚）全套完整课件.pptx

CHAPTER 1WHY HEALTH ECONOMICS?;Why is health economics interesting?;The U.S. health care economy is massive and expensive;Health care expenditures in the US;Health is uncertain and contagious;Uncertainty and insurance;Contagiousness and externalities;Health economics = public finance;Health care is only getting bigger and more expensive for governments and taxpayers;Positive vs normative questions;The unique US health care market;The unique US health care market;CHAPTER 2DEMAND FOR HEALTH CARE;Standard economic demand curves are downward sloping;Elasticity measures the degree of downward-sloping ;Does the demand curve for health care slope downward?;Need randomized experiments ;Non-randomized experiments can be biased;;Two Randomized Experiments;RAND HIE;Oregon Medicaid Experiment;Results?;Different measures of care;Outpatient care;Outpatient care;Inpatient care;ER care;Pediatric care;Mental health & dental Care (RAND HIE);Prescription drugs;Non-randomized experiment evidence;Card et al. (2009);Comparing demand curves ;Arc Elasticity ;Health care has inelastic demand;Does price for care affect health?;;Does price for care affect health?;Does price for care affect health?;Conclusion;CHAPTER 3 DEMAND FOR HEALTH: THE GROSSMAN MODEL;Intro;The 3 Roles of Health (H);;Health as a direct input into utility;Time constraints in the Grossman model;Time constraint means time tradeoffs;The labor-leisure tradeoff;;The three roles of health (H);Producing H and Z;Health affects production by lowering TS;Production Possibility Frontier;PPF in the Grossman model;PPF in the Grossman model;PPF in the Grossman model;Choosing optimal H* and Z*;Exotic preferences and indifference curves;;The three roles of health (H);Lifetime of utility;Health depreciates over time;MEC curve and investments in health;Costs to investing in health;Predictions of the Grossman model;Health and education;MEC and efficiency of health investment;Predictions of the Grossman model;Depreciation of health;Opt