初中宾语从句.docxVIP

宾语从句 eg, He said (that) he was good at drawing.(动词宾语) He asked me whether (if) I could help him. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?(动词宾语) 在上新课之前，我希望同学们来回顾下英语简单句中的各个成分。 I pick up the book. This book is hers. I like to watch TV. 【宾语】是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词 的词、短语来担任。那么今天呢，我们要来讲由一个句子在主句中充当宾语的成分。即宾语 从句，首先请看黑板上的几个句子。我希望同学们来帮我找出每个句子的主句，然后主句中 的谓语动词分别是哪些。 一、基本讲解 1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，而且宾语从句可以作谓语动词的宾语。 然后有了对宾语从句的概念，我们再来观察黑板上这三个句子，看一下这三个从句，它们各 个成分的顺序。 所以第一点宾语从句中要注意的语序问题：宾语从句必须要用陈述语序。也就是引导词之后 紧接主语，然后再是谓语，主语一定放置在谓语的之前。 然后我们来看下这三句从句的句子的完整程度。 所以第二点要注意宾语从句中的2.引导词，即连接主句和从句的连接词 根据引导词的不同，宾语从句可分为三类。 ⑴ 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中 可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. ⑵ 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾 语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don't know why the train is late. ⑶ 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 if、whether —般情况下可以互换，例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 但有些情况例外： 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用if,例如： We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 引导词与动词不定式to do或or not连用时，只用whether. Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not? 第三点要注意3.宾语从句中的时态问题 当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选 用相应的时态。 例如：Do you know (if/whether he has seen the film)? 当主句是一般过去时，从句要用跟过去时有关的时态。 例如：I didn't know (if/whether he had seen the film.) 注意:当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句 仍然要用一般现在时。 例如：He said (that the earth moves round the sun.) The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.) 【不讲】宾语从句变反意疑问句如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句 时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。 I think he is a good student , isn't he? They want to know if he is a good student , don't they ? 专项练习 Miss Green didn't tell us in 2009. A. where does she live B. Where