新牛津译林版英语八年级上册现在完成时专讲.docVIP

语法专讲：现在完成时 一、 现在完成时的构成:主语 + 助动词have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 否定式: 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词。 ?????? 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。 现在完成时的含义之一：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与never/ever，just，already/yet，before，since then, so far，in/over/during the past/last ten years, once，twice，three times等连用。 ⑴ already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。（already用于肯定句中，yet用于一般疑问句和否定句中） He has already got her help. / He has just seen the film. / He hasn’t come back yet.。 ⑵ ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 ?I have（ever）seen the film. / Have you （ever ）seen the film? / He has never seen the film.? ⑶ 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，一次（once），两次（twice），三次（three times）等, 则要使用现在完成时。 ???? He has seen the film three times. ⑷ so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 ????? He has got to Beijing so far. [Exercises] 选择填空 ( ) 1.——Have you travelled on the train. ——Yes, I have. (A) never (B) ever (C) just (D) yet ( ) 2.——Have you finished your homework? —— Not . (A) ever (B) already (C) yet (D) just ( ) 3. We haven't finished our homework . (A) already (B) ever (C) yet (D) never ( ) 4.——Have you learned English? ——Yes, I've learned a lot. (A) never, ever (B) ever, never (C) ever, already (D)already, ever ( ) 5.—Have you finished your homework ? — Yes, I've done that . (A) yet, already (B) already, yet (C) ever, never (D) still, just ( ) 6. John's father borrowed some pictures. (A) have already (B) has just (C) have ever (D) has yet 三、现在完成时含义之二：表示动作在过去已经开始,一直延续到现在，还有可能继续延续下去。常与for, since, how long,, these days等连用。 Since 和for 的用法： ⑴ Since+过去的时间点/表过去的时间短语和一般过去时的句子(since部分划线用how long提问) Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. He has lived here since five years ago/last year. He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. ⑵ for+一段时间 (for部分划线也用how long提问