疫苗技术课件.ppt

* Why the vaccine failed? Many questions need to be answered 许多疑问待答, 但目前众说纷纭 Long-term differences in viral load Functional properties of the HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses The genetics of the infecting viral strains The timing of the infection: activation of CD4 T cells could enhance susceptibility to HIV infection The route of infection: homo vs. hetero) Gender difference: why very few women got infected? Antigen selection: are gag, pol, nef the best choice? Adenovirus prime, adenovirus boost, direct immune response to Ad vector? The difference between one, two, and three immunizations Can activation of T cells by Ad5 (or other viral vectors) followed by HIV-1 infection result in net infection > protection? SHIV89.6P challenge Model may not be a predictive model: a sheep in wolf’s clothing? 披着狼皮的羊? SHIV89.6P contains HIV-1 tat, rev, env Opportunities for new AIDS vaccine research 机遇:艾滋病疫苗的新起跑线 Vaccine concept Cell immunity: too early to abandon? Improve quality and quantity? Humoral immunity: how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies? Vaccination strategy Vector: adenovirus, pox virus, HSV, influenza, etc. Replication vs. non-replication viral vector DNA Protein Prime-boost: single modality vs. heterologous Antigen selection and design gag. pol, nef Env vif, vpu, vpr, tat, rev Multiple clade The route of immunization Intramuscular, intranasal, intradermal Relevance of animal model Key issues for AIDS vaccine development 艾滋病疫苗研发的关键点 Vaccine design (vector, antigen, strategy) Further understanding of HIV-1 and immunoprotection Vector comparison and basic biology Animal model Relevance and predictive Immune correlates that can truly predict protection ELISPOT is not Cytotoxic killing Antibody neutralization assay Design of clinical trial Size Time 艾滋病疫苗离我们还有多远？ How close are we to an AIDS vaccine? 需要我们坚持不懈的努力 作业 (选二道题) 1、什么是疫苗？理想疫苗的条件是什么? 2、请简要介绍流感疫苗的研究现状。请举例说明流感反向遗传操作技术在流感病毒致病性研究及疫苗研究中的应用 3、发现引起AIDS的病原是HIV己过1/4世纪,为什么还没有艾滋病疫苗？ * * 1 灭活全病毒疫苗