WTO规则中英文教程第十四章 WTO关于卫生和植物检疫措施适用规则.ppt

第十四章 WTO关于卫生与植物检疫措施适用规则 WTO 　SPS 　Rules 一、WTO关于卫生与植物检疫措施适用规则 　　　在国际贸易中，一些WTO成员借口保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康、保护生态平衡，设置了一些不合理的检疫措施和标准，严重地影响了国际贸易的正常发展。为此WTO制定了关于卫生与植物检疫措施的适用规则。这些规则体现于WTO《实施卫生与植物检疫措施协定》(Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, SPS Agreement）中。 [1] There are 14 articles and 3 annexes in SPS Agreement. 一、SPS的宗旨 How do you ensure that your country’s consumers are being supplied with food that is safe to eat — “safe” by the standards you consider appropriate? And at the same time, how can you ensure that strict health and safety regulations are not being used as an excuse for protecting domestic producers? An agreement on how governments can apply food safety and animal and plant health measures (sanitary and phytosanitary or SPS measures) sets out the basic rules in the WTO. (To be continued) It allows countries to set their own standards. But it also says regulations must be based on science. They should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. And they should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between countries where identical or similar conditions prevail.? 二、基本目标 The basic aim of the SPS Agreement is to maintain the sovereign right of any government to provide the level of health protection it deems appropriate, but to ensure that these sovereign rights are not misused for protectionist purposes and do not result in unnecessary barriers to international trade.? 三、卫生与植物检疫措施的内涵 卫生与植物检疫措施是指用于下列目的的任何措施： (a) to protect animal or plant life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from the entry, establishment or spread of pests, diseases, disease-carrying organisms or disease-causing organisms; （1）消除虫害、病害、带病有机体或致病有机体的传入、生长或传播所产生的风险，以保护WTO成员境内的动物或植物的生命或健康； ? (b) to protect human or animal life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in foods, beve