法律英语Lesson3 Legal Education.ppt

法律英语 Lesson Three Legal Education One of the most striking and salutary thing in American life is the widespread study of law.Alexis de Tocqueville ,French judge　美国人生活中最显著而又有益的事情莫过于对法律的广泛研究了。――法国法官托克维尔 A　 Background 大学后教育 美国法学院设立的学位 JD，Juris Doctor ——法律博士 LLM，Master of Laws ——法学硕士 SJD，Doctor of Juridical Science ——法学博士 Text In 1983, over 125000 law students were studying in more than 170 ABA accredited law schools 得到美国律师协会认可的法学院 现状： 目前，全美国大约有203所法学院，其中178所是经美国律师协会（American Bar Association，ABA）批准的。 法学院分公立和私立两种，公立法学院主要是州政府所设立。 主要的私立法学院： 哈佛大学法学院（Harvard University Law School） 耶鲁大学法学院（Yale Law School ） 哥伦比亚大学法学院（Columbia University Law School） 芝加哥大学法学院（University of Chicago Law School ） 斯坦福大学法学院（Stanford University Law School） As virtually the only way to prepare for membership in the legal profession, 法学院实质上是为法律职业准备人才的唯一途径。 Law school fulfill several functions: Professional training Socialization of future lawyers Screening and gatekeeping for entrance to the profession There is no central institution where all lawyers practice, the only institutional experience which lawyers have in common is law school. 美国没有供所有律师实习的中心机构，因此法学院成为所有律师共同具有的制度上的经历。 The criticisms which range from “mild to caustic” of the ways in which law schools have carried out these functions and of the functions themselves have been persistent, diverse and rooted in the historical and political development of the profession. 对于法学院履行这些职责的方法 以及职责本身的批评从“温和到尖锐”，这些批评持续不断，内容各异，根植于律师职业的历史和政治发展。 These criticisms have focused on: the curriculum and the dominance of the case method;案例教学法的课程与主导地位； the distribution of power and prestige reflected in the hierarchy within and among the law schools; 法学院等级制度中权力与声望的分配； the imbalance in terms of women and minorities in the students body and faculty in the law schools.法学院学生与教职工中妇女和少数民族人数的不平衡。 Part one:Curriculum and the Case Method课程与案例教学法 First-year program: Contracts, torts, property, criminal law and civil procedure. 第一年学习基本的法律课程，包括合同法、侵权法、财产法、刑法和民事诉讼程序。 The