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TheTragicHistoryof
NativeAmericans---Armedconflicts
。。。。。。
ContentsI.BriefIntroductionoftheNativeAmericans
II.TheBeginningofTheirTragedy
III.RevolutionalWarPeriod
IV.DuringGoldRush
V.TheLastFight
II.TheBeginningofTheirTragedy
1620
1712,NewYork1730,SouthKingstownslavenativeAmericans15%
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III.RevolutionalWarPeriod
40villages+6tribes1779SullivanExpedition
IV.GoldRushPeriodDuringtheGoldRushtheNativeAmericans,dependentontraditionalhunting,gatheringandagriculture,becamethevictimsofstarvation,asgravel,siltandtoxicchemicalsfromprospectingoperationskilledfishanddestroyedhabitats.Thesurgeintheminingpopulationalsoresultedinthedisappearanceofgameandfoodgatheringspotasgoldcampsandothersettlementswerebuiltamidstthem.Laterfarmingspreadtosupplythesettlerscamps,takingmorelandawayfromtheNativeAmericans.
MinersoftensawNativeAmericansasimpedimentstotheirminingactivities.EdAllen,interpretiveleadforMarshallGoldDiscoveryStateHistoricPark,reportedthatthereweretimeswhenminerswouldkillupto50ormoreNativesinoneday.Retribution(报复)attacksonsolitaryminerscouldresultinlargerscaleattacksagainstNativepopulations,attimestribesorvillagesnotinvolvedintheoriginalact.Duringthe1852BridgeGulchMassacre,agroupofsettlersattackedabandofWintuIndiansonlythreechildrensurvivedthemassacre.
TheActfortheGovernmentandProtectionofIndians,passedonApril22,1850bytheCaliforniaLegislature,allowedsettlerstocaptureanduseNativepeopleasbondedworkers,prohibitedNativepeoplestestimonyagainstsettlers,andallowedtheadoptionofNativechildrenbysettlers,oftenforlaborpurposes.
I
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