转基因作物风险评估的监测和田间试验设计.pptxVIP

转基因作物风险评估的监测和田间试验设计;Topics 主题;Influences on Maize Agroecosystem 玉米农业生态系统的影响因素;Before We Walk into Field Plot我们走进田间试验地前;Undisturbed Pool 未受干扰的游泳池;GM Crop Signal? 转基因作物信号？;Background Noise?背景噪音？;Background Noise?背景噪音？;Background Noise? 背景噪音？;Ecological Risk Assessment 生态风险评估;Tier 1 梯度 1 Simple, worst-case scenarios 简单的，最坏的情况 High estimated environmental concentration (EEC) 高估计环境浓度 （EEC） Tier 2 梯度 2 Use plant material (1X EEC) 使用植物材料 (1X EEC) Tier 3 梯度 3 Long-term laboratory, greenhouse or semi-field tests 长期实验室，温室或半田间试验 Tier 4 梯度 4 Field tests 田间试验 Field Monitoring 田间监测;Challenges for Field Trials 田间试验的难点;Collecting Insects in the Field田间采集昆虫;Sticky Cards 捕虫粘纸;Pitfall Traps 诱捕陷阱;Litter Bags 废物袋 ;Visual Counts 目视计数;Galen Dively’s Lab (Univ. Maryland) 实验室 （马里兰大学）;Development of Guidelines指导的制定;;Evaluating Plot Size试验小区尺寸评价;Sprayed 喷杀虫剂;Insecticide Effect 杀虫剂效应;Plot Size Effect小区尺寸效应;↓;Plot Size Effect 小区尺寸效应;Plot Size Considerations 小区尺寸的考量;Sampling Issues: 采样问题： Species Abundance and Replication种属多寡和重复;Importance of Insect Abundance昆虫富集度的重要性;Replication 重复;Refining Sampling Methods采样方法的优化;;Location variation 位置变异;Carabid Trap Fluctuations步行虫捕获的变动;Sample Timing 采样时机;Sample Timing 采样时机;Standardization difficult标准化的困难;Selecting Representative Taxa选择有代表性的分类;Bt exposure for Carabidae during anthesis? 步行虫在花期暴露在Bt下？;?;Connecting taxa and functional groups关联分类和功能群;Ecological Functional Groups生态功能群;Relationship between power and replication for non-target HERBIVORES 非靶作用食草类幂和重复的关系 Plotted curves estimate the median power to detect a -50, -30 or -20% change in abundance for indicated non-target taxa. 用曲线估计的中值幂来检测特定非靶作用种属－50％，－30％或－20％富集度的差异 ;Relationship between power and replication for non-target SAPROPHYTES 非靶作用腐生类幂和重复的关系 Plotted curves estimate the median power to detect a -50, -30 or -20% change in abundance for indicated non-target taxa. 用曲线估计的中值幂来检测特定非靶作用种属－50％，－30％或－20％富集度的差异 ;Relationship between power and