沥青的生产与评价-张玉贞.pptx

沥青的生产与评价张玉贞2010年10月 上海汇 报 提 纲沥青材料技术发展趋势1沥青的基本概念2沥青的生产345沥青的评价体系沥青的性能指标比较From Asian Bitumen ConferenceFrom Asian Bitumen ConferenceRoad Bitumen: A Basic DefinitionBlack, Viscous, Semi-solid MatirialHigh Molecular WT. Hydrocarbons (Asphaltene) Disperse In Maltens or Petrolenes Asphaltene (n-heptaneinsoluble)，Saturates，NaphtheneAromatics，Polar Aromatics ，High sulphurcrude / Bituminous crudeA binder (i.e. glue) holding aggregates together in paving Among the more important properties considered: ● Adhesion ● Visco-elastic property, consistent at all temperatures to ● Prevent rutting and cracking ● Moisture resistance ● Chemically stable/consistent ● Pure and homogeneous减压塔轻质产品或二次加工原料常压塔减一线常一线减二线常二线减三线常三线减四线DAO二次加工原料原油常压炉减压炉沥青调和组分DOA丙烷脱沥青特种沥青调和沥青专用料How bitumen is produced?How bitumen is produced?Crude Feedstocks for BitumenThere are 1,500 to 2,000 crude grades worldwide Natural bitumen content varies enormously Every crude has a different composition Every bitumen derived from different crudes has different physical/chemical characteristicsBitumen Feedstock ParametersAPI (Weight): Generally prefer heavy over mid-weight crudes. Low Wax Content: Not a hard and fast rule, but generally no more than 4%. This excludes most of Asia-Pacific crude production. Reasonable Balance Aromatics/Asphaltenes: This usually has aromatics at a maximum 20% in base material. No hard and fast rule exists. Minimum Asphaltene Level: Usually preferred range of 10-20%; otherwise instability Non-Crude Feedstock: Of course, bitumen can also be produced from residual (long or short) rather than from a crude.选择合适的原油，是生产沥青最经济有效的手段Some Crude Oil QualitiesAPI=141.5/d - 131.5? (其中d为15.6℃的相对密度)，API度〉=32为轻质原油 API度=20-32为中质原油 API度=10-20为重质原油 API度<10为特重原油中国生产沥青的国产原油主要有SZ36－1，辽河欢喜岭、克拉玛依、塔河重油，API度在16－20之间Natural Bitumen Deposits in Ancient Mideast Gulf Iraq: Mosul-Kirkuk Iraq: South and Southeast of Baghdad Egypt: Red Sea coast; near Nile Delta Iran: Bordering Iraq, from south Kermanshah to north of Aba