英语句法结构课件.ppt

英语句子概论;英语句子概论; 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 〔 S + Vi 〕 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) There + be / stand/ lie / live...;主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy． 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be/stand/lie/live… There lies a book on the desk.;附属成分;John often came to chat with me． John likes oranges very much． Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.;Examples: Oh！What is that！〔惊叹词〕 He has，alas，failed again． Come here，John．〔呼语〕 Roll on，Ocean，roll on．; 〔You〕 Come here． 〔I wish you〕Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others〔gave him〕rotten eggs． He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.;连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。 另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子附属于另一个句子〔即从句〕的连词。这类连词叫附属连词。附属连词主要用于引导各种从句。 一个完整的句子〔主句或从句〕必须包含2个到4个根本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。;简单句只有一个限定动词〔即只有一个主谓构造〕，它是最小的句子单位。主要起以下四种作用中的一种。 作一种陈述 提出一个问题 发出一种命令或请求 表示一种感慨;简单句的根本词序;简单句的扩展成份;两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or??neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。 The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome. The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin