外科学下9骨折总论fracture general introduction for st邓忠良.pptx

一、古代骨科简述周朝（BC1100～770） 伤骨科（疡医科：折、疡之分）春秋战国时期（皇帝内经） 截肢术（脱痈）汉代华佗（AC147～207） 骨折复位、夹板固定，清创术， “麻沸散” ：手术无痛原则晋代葛洪（AC261～347） 竹夹板外固定骨折隋代巢元方（AC581～618） 骨折内固定：线连接碎骨唐代蔺道人“仙授理伤续断秘方”： 骨折治疗四大原则： 复位、固定、内外用药、功能锻炼明代杨清叟 止血带：绢袋清代江考鲫 骨移植：以别骨填接古希腊Hippocrates（Bc460～377） 骨折脱位等的治疗古罗马Galen（Ac130～200） 人体解剖16世纪Azeecs 人 骨不连内固定治疗：木片Movement system(Orthopaedics) is composed with spine, extremities, bone, joint, muscles, vessels, nerves, lymph, fascia, synovium, etc.Orthopaedics named in 1741Nicholas Andry coined the word. Orthos: correct, straight. Paedion: childJean-Andre Venel(1740-1791): Venevese, be called the Father of OrthopaedicsPlaster cast of Paris 1751现代骨科及相关组织AASOSCreative , Innovation 骨科 需要创造性 相关学科的发展Multiidiciplines developmentOrthopaedicsINTRODUCTION OF FRACTUREZhong-Liang DengProf., MD, Ph.D 邓忠良 Department of Orthopaedics Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University deng7586@ Bone FractureDefinition CausesClassificationEmergency careClinical findings and imageology examinationTreatmentHealing process and the affecting factorsPrognosis1. DEFINITION OF FRACTUREA fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone2. Causes of fracturesDirect forceTraumaDirect force causes the fracture2. Causes of fracturesDirect forceIndirect force TraumaIndirect force causes the fracture2. Causes of fracturesDirect forceIndirect force TraumaMuscular contraction forcefracture caused by muscular contraction2. Causes of fracturesDirect forceIndirect force TraumaMuscular contraction forceCyclic force –-- fatigue fracture2. Causes of fracturesDirect forceIndirect force TraumaMuscular contraction forceCyclic forceBone diseasesLocalized diseases—tubercular osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, localized metastatic carcinoma, etc.Generalized diseases—osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, diffuse metaststic carcinoma, etc.3. Classification of fracturesOn the basis of etiology Traumatic fracturePathological fractureTraumatic fracturePathological fracture3. Classification of fracturesOn the ba