二语习得理论.ppt

Theoretical Approaches toSecond Language Learning Differences in Learning L1 & L2 Behaviorism Innatism Information Processing Connectionism The Interactionist Position Differences in Learning L1 & L2 A child or adult learning a second language is different from a child acquiring a first language in terms of both 1) learner characteristics and 2) learning conditions Differences in Learning L1 & L2 Learner Characteristics 1. Knowledge of another language 2. Cognitive maturity 3. Metalinguistic awareness 4. Knowledge of the world 5. Nervousness about speaking L1 L2 child child adolescent (formal) adult - ? + + - ? + + - ? + + - ? + + - - + + Differences in Learning L1 & L2 Learning Conditions 6. Freedom to be silent 7. Ample time & contact 8. Corrective feedback: (form) grammar and pronunciation 9. Corrective feedback: (meaning) word choice 10. Modified input L1 L2 child child adolescent (formal) adult + + - - + + - ? - - + - + + + + + + + + Differences in Learning L1 & L2 Summary: SLA (Second Language Acquisition) theories need to account for language acquisition by learners with a variety of characteristics and learning in a variety of contexts. Theoretical Approaches to Language Acquisition Behaviorism Innatism Interactionism Important Characteristics: -     Imitation -     Practice      -     Reinforcement -     Habit-formation   Application to SLA: -    CAH (contrastive analysis hypothesis)   Focus on the linguistic aspects of: -         Vocabulary -         grammatical morphemes -         pronunciation   Important Characteristics: -    LAD (language acquisition device) -    UG (universal grammar) -    CPH (critical period hypothesis)   Application to SLA: -    Krashen’s "monitor model" 1)      acquisition – learning hypothesis 2)      monitor hypothesis 3)      natural order hypothesis 4)      input hypothesis ( i +1 ) 5)      affective filter hypothesis -         Information processing 1)      attention-proce