《营销管理》第15版—第2章.ppt

Whether they let their business units set their own goals and strategies or collaborate in doing so, all corporate headquarters undertake these four planning activities. * These simple-sounding questions are among the most difficult a company will ever face. Successful companies continuously ask and answer them. * * Companies often define themselves in terms of products: They are in the “auto business” or the “clothing business.” Market definitions of a business, however, describe the business as a customer satisfying process. Products are transient; basic needs and customer groups endure forever. Transportation is a need: the horse and carriage, automobile, railroad, airline, ship, and truck are products that meet that need. A target market definition tends to focus on selling a product or service to a current market. A strategic market definition, however, also focuses on the potential market. A clear, thoughtful mission statement, developed collaboratively with and shared with managers, employees, and often customers, provides a shared sense of purpose, direction, and opportunity. At its best it reflects a vision, an almost “impossible dream,” that provides direction for the next 10 to 20 years. * Large companies normally manage quite different businesses, each requiring its own strategy. The purpose of identifying the company’s strategic business units is to develop separate strategies and assign appropriate funding. Senior management knows its portfolio of businesses usually includes a number of “yesterday’s has-beens” as well as “tomorrow’s winners.” * Portfolio-planning models like these have largely fallen out of favor as oversimplified and subjective. Newer methods rely on shareholder value analysis and on whether the market value of a company is greater with an SBU or without it. These value calculations assess the potential of a business based on growth opportunities from global expansion, repositioning or retargeting, and strategic outsourcing. * Assess