uncertaintyavoidance(不确定性规避).ppt

Uncertainty Avoidance(不确定性规避) According to Hofstede(1998), uncertainty avoidance refers to the lack of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty and the need for formal rules and high-level organizational structure. Uncertainty Avoidance includes two forms: Low uncertainty Avoidance High uncertainty Avoidance Low Uncertainty Avoidance 低度不确定性规避 Cultures of low uncertainty avoidance have less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and have more tolerance for a variety of opinions.（U.S.,Canada,Great Britain…） High Uncertainty Avoidance高度不确定性规避 Cultures of high uncertainty avoidance have a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(France,Japan…) 1.There is a strong winglingness to live day by day. 2.People have low level of stress. low There is greater anxiety about the future. People have high level of stress. high People are more risk-taking. One hopes for success. low People are less risk-taking. Failure is feared. high 1.Superordinates may say “I don’t know.” 2.Less formal organizational structures are desired. low Superordinates have all the answers. Formal organizational structures are desired. high Low Uncertainty Avoidance High Uncertainty Avoidance Less emotional resistance to change More emotional resistance to change Little loyalty to one’s employer More loyalty to one’s employer Initiative） of subordinates is encouraged Initiative of subordinates is discouraged Differences are tolerated Differences are dangerous Sometimes rules can be broken. Rules can be broken. Some characteristics of business culture. low high high low low high 16 The Score of Uncertainty Avoidance Index 上 中 下 (50,70) Influence Each country has each culture, we can not treat any countries at the same attitude. In the business, a American clerk will never understand why staff should stay in the same company for all his/her life. So there will be conflict between them because that is culture influence that not every culture can be adapt to another culture. In a word, i