英语词汇学课件.ppt

英语词汇学 It is a theory-based course in which the basic theories of English words are mainly discussed.Nevertheless,it is a practical course as well,for in the discussion,we will certainly deal with a great number of words and idiomatic expressions,and site a great many examples. 英语词汇学 Methods of study ： 1.synchronic approach From a synchronic point of view，words can be studied at point in time，disregarding whatever changes might be taking place. 2.diachronic approach From a diachronic perspective，words can be considered historically and be looked into: the origins and changes in form and meaning. 英语词汇学 Unit One Classification of words: 1.By use frequency，words may fall into : A. The basic word stock It is the foundation of the vocabulary and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitutes a small percentage of the English vocabulary，it is the most important part of it. 英语词汇学 Most words of this stock have five characteristics: a. All national character b. Stability c. Productivity d. Polysemy e. Collocability 英语词汇学 Of course，not all the words of the basic word stock have these characteristics. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability；but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability.Therefore，“all national character”is the most important of allfeatures that may differentiate words of common use from all others. 英语词汇学 B. Non-basic vocabulary a. terminology b. jargon :bottle line c. slang Certain words are labeled“slang”not because of their appearance or pronunciation but because of their usage. Much of slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words though some slang words are new coinages altogether. 英语词汇学 d. Argot :can