英语论文写作课件答案 陈倩ISBN 9787566304391 PPTDSRTN18.ppt

UNIT 18Numbers, Titles, and Abbreviations CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION 2.NUMBERS 3.TITLES WITHIN MAIN BODY 4.CAPITALS 5.ABBREVIATIONS OBJECTIVES To know： The rule of numbers The rule of titles of books/journals/magazines and articles The rule of capitals in titles, divisions of chapters/papers, references of tables and figures, after a colon in a title The rule of abbreviations 1.INTRODUCTION What do you know about the following？ 1. 209, 20, p90, 789m, 389 2. An Investigation of English Public Signs An investigation of English public signs 3. APA, MLA, ESP, SC, CA They are technical matters essential to the effectiveness of a research paper and communication. usually have fixed rules or conventions. The rules here are based on these given by Slade (1997) and Gibaldi (1999) Are also general rules of research papers. 2.NUMBERS A. Numbers 1-100, and numbers could be spelled in one or two words, spell out. E.G. One of five different American universities Five months Twelve students See also p187 B. Numbers more than two words or accompanied with units, spelled as figures. E.G. 237 987 1f 2m p90 See also p188 C. Numbers are always spelled out when they are at the beginning of a sentence. E.G. Two participants are foreign students. See p189 D. Decimals and percentages must be spelled out as numerals, but the word ‘percentage’ is spelled out （use the symbol % in tables/figures）;Fractions must be spelled out in the text if they are not accompanied with numerals. E.G. See 15-21p189 But both the following are used I ELT Journal E.G. The participants represent 25% of the total body. （APA style） Over 30 percent of families in Britain are now single parent. （conventional style suggested by Slade 1997） E. Inclusive page numbers： MLA style Enter the final two digits if all the other digits are the same E.G. 186-89 1016-17 1199-1200 Give complete numbers both before and after hyphen if the figure has only two digits or any changes of a figure of more than