非谓语动词—专升本考点整理.pptVIP

2.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语, 它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词,有以下三个特点 : A.及物动词的过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是被动的. 所表示的时间概念是完成. The building built last year can hold 1,000 people= The building that was built last year can… B.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成.与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系. fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen a retired worker=a work who has retired the risen sun=the sun that has risen The returned students now play an important part in our country’s construction. =The students who have returned now play … C.有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事者的心理状态.所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系. The surprised look showed that he hadn’t expected this. = (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise) The father’s frightening voice made a frightened look appear on his daughter’s face. (The father’s voice was frightening; his daughter was frightened and her face showed her fright) 3. 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成.常用感官动词, 如: see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel… 和使役动词如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch…的宾补 When I walked home, I saw a man caught by the police. As soon as he returned home, he found his house broken into. He kept himself covered with a blanket. 4. 过去分词作状语 过去分词可在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步,方式或伴随情况等状语. 过去分词无论作何种状语, 它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 而且存在着逻辑上的被动关系. 1)做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首.有时在句中难区别, 两种理解都可. 如: Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful. =If the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town … = When the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town … 2) 作原因状语 Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. =As/Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children…. 3)作让步状语 Seriously wounded, he still kept on fighting. =Although/Though he was seriously wounded, he still kept…. 4)作方式或伴随情况状语 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. =She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter. He sat there, lost in thought. = He sat there, and was lost in thought. (3)分词句型 1. go/come + doing/done He came in u