英语句子成分讲解1.doc

英语句子成分讲解主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。主语一般是放在动词前面。主语一般由名词、代词、 HYPERLINK /Article/2008/706.html \t _blank 动名词或动词 HYPERLINK /Article/2007/213.html \t _blank 不定式(短语) 来充当。 HYPERLINK /Article/2008/706.html \t _blank 动名词、动词 HYPERLINK /Article/2007/213.html \t _blank 不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词）Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very important to learn English well.（It形式主语，to learn English well是真正主语）二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。一般是动词。* 一般实义动词 #系动词 be (am is are was were ) 过去分词been 感官动词（ look 、sound 、feel 、taste ）*情态动词（can may must shall should will would might 后面必须跟动词原形 共同构成谓语）she can -be--a teacher .We study English.He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感觉） ….It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.三、宾语一般跟在动词后面1）动作的承受者——动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some