图像处理算法的FPGA实现方法.docx

图像处理算法的FPGA实现方法摘 要近年来，随着计算机科学的飞速发展，数字图像处理在遥感图像处理、机器视觉、视频监控、视频压缩等众多领域中发挥着重要作用。随着数字图像处理的数据量的增加和数字图像处理系统实时性要求的提高，基于软件的图像处理己无法满足实时性的需求。此时，FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列)以其速度快、可编程、可重置等特性被广泛应用于图像处理中。FPGA作为主流的可编程逻辑器件之一，经过二十多年的发展，具有集成度高、资源丰富、功耗低、可靠性强、灵活性好、可重复配置的特点，非常方便用户进行设计和修改。FPGA有着广泛的发展和应用前景，它在图像处理方面的硬硬也越来越为人们所重视，基于FPGA的图像处理已成为国内外研究的一个热门领域。本文回顾了数字图像处理中应用非常广泛的中值滤波、顺序滤波、均值滤波、高斯滤波、边缘锐化、图像分割等算法的原理。接着，本文对上述常用数字图像处理算法在FPGA上进行程序设计，完成了上述算法在FPGA上的实现。其中，顺序滤波中的最大值滤波、最小值滤波是比较常用的滤波方法，因此本文对最大值、最小值滤波算法进行了研究，具有良好的处理效率。在高斯滤波中，根据其性质，采用了将二维模板拆分为两个一维模板来实现。边缘锐化中，Prewitt边缘检测、Sobel边缘检测是被广泛使用的方法，本文也在FPGA上实现了该算法。图像分割采用常用的Otsu算法，本文利用FPGA的特性改进了Otsu算法，有效地减少了计算量，提高了处理速度。最后，本文对这些算法在FPGA上实现的结果进行了相应的仿真，并和MATLAB处理结果对比，以此来说明本文研究设计的数字图像处理算法的FPGA实现方法是可行的。关键词:数字图像处理;FPGA;均值滤波;中值滤波;高斯滤波;边缘锐化;图像分割;MATLABThe implementation of image processing algorithm by FPGAAbstractIn recent years, with the rapid development of computer science, digital image processing plays an important role in many fields such as remote sensing image processing, machine vision, video surveillance, video compression.With the increment of data volume and the improvement of requirements on digital image processing systems, image processing based on software has been unable to meet the requirements in real time. Based on this, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)is applied in digital image processing because of its high speed, programmable and reset features.With the development of twenty years, FPGA has the features of high integration, rich resources, low power consumption, high reliability, flexibility and reset feature, which is convenient for user to design and revise. PPGA has a broad prospect for development and application, its application on digital image processing has drawn much attention recently, it becomes a hot research area at home and abroad.In this paper, we review widely-used algorithms on digital image processing, such as median filtering, maximum filtering, minimum