杨福家《原子物理学（第四版）》电子教案T12.pptVIP

Atom-Nucleus-Quark Fission Reaction 1954，第一台实验核电站 苏联 5000千瓦 (5 MWe) 1957，第一台商用核电站 美国 6万千瓦 (60 MWe) 2000.3： 运行的核电站总数 436台 总容量 351,718 Mwe 容量最多的国家： 美国 104台，大于 100,000MWe 占发电比例最高的国家： 法国，大于75% 中国： 目前：秦山一期 300 MWe 大亚湾 2 X 900 Mwe 在建：至 2005年：900万千瓦 中国秦山核电站 中国大亚湾核电站 James Chadwick(1891- 1974) 1935 Nobel Figure 22.10, D lines of sodium (10.18) (10.19) Figure 10.9 The nuclear potential barrier as seen by an ? particle inside a nucleus. (10.20) (10.21) (10.22) (10.23) (10.24) (10.25) (10.26) (10.27) Figure 10.10 A plot of the logarithm of T1/2 for ? decay as a function of the ? energy to illustrate their nearly linear dependence. The Z dependence is also seen. Figure 10.11(a) Potential energy surface for 252Cf for The lines indicate the paths to scission. Figure 10.11(b) The static path II for 252Cf from the HD minimum at ?2 ~ 0.9 and ?2 ~ 0.7. Simple Cascade Decay Figure 37.2 The first decay cascade with A = 4n, the thorium chain which is found in nature. Figure 37.3 The second decay cascade with A = 4n + 1, the neptunium chain is not found in nature, but some of its decay products are found, so it was present in the early formation of the Earth. Figure 37.4 The third decay cascade with A = 4n + 2, the uranium chain which is found in nature. Figure 37.5 The fourth decay cascade with A = 4n + 3, the actinium chain which is found in nature. (37.7) (37.8) (10.8) (10.9) (10.10) Isotope Production More than 60 radioactive nuclides are found in nature. More than 2000 have been made in the lab: Artificial radioactive nuclides. Frederic Joliot Irene Curie 1935 Nobel in Chemistry (37.12) P: number produced in per unit time (37.12) (37.13) Figure 37.6 An isotope production diagram where the ratio of activity to produ