浅析武则天去帝号、归乾陵地原因.docVIP

浅析武则天去帝号、归乾陵的原因 姓名：陈悦 学号：200840410104 指导教师：张光全 摘要：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，她的皇位可谓来之不易。可令人不解的是，为何她在临终前却遗诏“去帝号、归乾陵”。“去帝号”意味着她将政权归还于李唐王朝；“归乾陵”也就说她要回归妻子的身份进入李氏宗庙同高宗合葬。武则天为什么没有把皇位传给她武氏侄子们以延续她的武周王朝，却最后选择传给儿子还政李唐，致使其辛苦开创的武周王朝一世而亡。究其原因，武则天虽然能够破坏旧的制度，敢为天下不敢为之事，可她却无法创建一种新的制度来代替它。在传统社会以父系家长制为基础的宗法制度的制约下，在当时复杂的政治局势的影响下，武则天最终妥协，还政于李氏王朝。 关键词：武则天 去帝号 归乾陵 宗法制 政治局势 A Preliminary Study on the Reasons Why Wu Zetian Removed the Emperors Name and Regressed Qianling Mausoleum Abstract: Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. Although her throne was diffcult to obtain, she ordered to remove the title of emperor and regress Qianling Mausoleum in the imperial edict before she died. Removal of the emperors name meant that she would return the throne to the Tang Dynasty. Regression of Qianling Mausoleum also meant she wanted to return to the identity of wife and bury with Emperor Gaozong. Why Wu Zetian didnt pass her throne to her nephews to continue the Zhou Dynasty, but finally chose to pass it to her son to restore the Tang Dynasty? The reason was that Wu Zetian was able to break the old system, she was unable to create a new system to replace it. In the traditional society, because of restriction of the patriarchal system based on the patriarchal clan system and the complex political situation, Wu Zetian finally yielded to return the political power to her son. Keywords: Wu Zetian; removal of the emperors name; regression of Qianling Mausoleum; the patriarchal clan system; the political situation 神龙元年（公元705年）11月，82岁的武则天死于洛阳，临终前“遗制祔庙、归陵，令去帝号。”纵观武则天的一生，从初入皇宫到削发为尼，从再入皇宫到母仪天下，从二圣临朝到改唐为周，期间也是历经坎坷。武则天在其掌管朝政期间，经济继续发展，社会总体稳定，可以说是上承贞观之治下启开元盛世，为唐朝的全面繁荣奠定了坚实的基础。可她为何在最后却将她来之不易的皇位拱手相让了呢？去帝号、归乾陵，此举似乎与她不择手段争夺皇位的初衷相违背，因而使得后人对此产生很多的猜想，看法也不尽相同。有学者认为武则天此举是一种无奈的选择，断送了她亲手开创的大周王朝；也有学者认为这是她最明智的选择，即顺了民意又保全了她死后的名节，一举两得。笔者以为，不管武则天是主动退位还是被迫还政，这都是在当时那个历史环境下的唯一的选择。在传统社会以父系家长制为基础的宗法制度的制约下，母子皇位继承要比姑侄继承更具有合法性，也更容易被人们所接受。同时，当时天下思唐已久，人心向李，还政于李唐王朝是历史发展的必然趋势。 1.宗法制度的影响与武则天的妥协 1.1宗法制度的影响 宗法制度是以父系血缘关系为纽带，与国家制度相结合，