曼昆经济学原理Chap 的10.ppt

Externalities 外部性;Market Efficiency - Market Failures 市场效率和市场失败;Market Failures: Externalities市场失败：外部性;An externality arises...外部性在此时产生;Market Failures: Externalities;Automobile exhaust汽车尾气 Cigarette smoking抽烟 Barking dogs (loud pets)大宠物嚎叫 在你的鼓里有个好东西 Loud stereos in an apartment building 公寓里的立体音响;Immunizations免疫 Restored historic buildings 重修历史建筑 Research into new technologies 研究新技术;The Market for Aluminum...铝市场;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics铝市场和福利经济学;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics铝市场和福利经济学;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics铝市场和福利经济学;QMARKET ;Negative Externalities in Production生产中的负外部性;Achieving the Socially Optimal Output;Achieving the Socially Optimal Output;Positive Externalities in Production生产中正的外部性;Positive Externalities in Production;Positive Externalities in Production...生产中正的外部性;Positive Externalities in Production;Internalizing Externalities: Subsidies内部化外部性：补贴;Technology Policy技术政策;Technology Policy技术政策;Internalizing Production Externalities内部化生产的外部性;Consumption Externalities...消费的外部性;Externalities and Market Inefficiency;Private Solutions to Externalities外部性的私人解决办法;Types of Private Solutions to Externalities;The Coase Theorem科斯定理;交易成本 Transactions Costs;Why Private Solutions Do Not Always Work为什么私人解决并不总是有效;Public Policy Toward Externalities针对外部性的公共政策;Command-and-Control Policies;Market-Based Policies市场为基础的政策;Examples of Regulation versus Pigovian tax管制还是庇古税;Market-Based Policies市场为基础的政策;The Equivalence of Pigovian Taxes and Pollution Permits...庇古税均衡和污染许可均衡;Summary;Summary;Summary;Graphical Review;The Market for Aluminum...;Pollution and the Social Optimum...;Positive Externalities in Production...;Consumption Externalities...;The Equivalence of Pigovian Taxes and Pollution Permits...