曼昆经济学原理 Cha 的p_04.ppt

;LEARNING OBJECTIVES:;;;;Markets ;Market Type: A Competitive Market;Competition: Perfect and Otherwise;Competition: Perfect and Otherwise;Competition: Perfect and Otherwise;Demand;Law of Demand(需求定律/需求律);Demand Schedule;;Demand Curve;;;Market Demand;Change in Quantity Demanded versus Change in Demand;Changes in Quantity Demanded;Change in Quantity Demanded versus Change in Demand;Changes in Demand;Determinants of Demand;Consumer Income;Consumer IncomeNormal Good;Consumer IncomeInferior Good;Prices of Related GoodsSubstitutes Complements;Change in Quantity Demanded versus Change in Demand;General Demand Function;General Demand Function;General Demand Function;Direct Demand Function;Inverse Demand Function (逆需求函数) ;Supply;Law of Supply;Determinants of Supply;Supply Schedule;Supply Schedule;;;Market Supply;Determinants of Supply;;;Change in Quantity Supplied versus Change in Supply;;;Supply;General Supply Function;General Supply Function;Direct Supply Function;Inverse Supply Function (逆供给函数) ;;;;Supply;;Surplus;Excess Demand;Shortage;;How an Increase in Demand Affects the Equilibrium;Shifts in Curves versus Movements along Curves;S2;Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand;Equilibrium price is ambiguous and equilibrium quantity increases.;b. Equilibrium price increases and equilibrium quantity is ambiguous.;Equilibrium price is ambiguous and equilibrium quantity decreases.;Equilibrium price decreases and equilibrium quantity is ambiguous.;What Happens to Price and Quantity When Supply or Demand Shifts?;Exercise;Solution;Problems and Applications 9.Quantity supplied equals quantity demanded at a price of $6 and quantity of 81 pizzas (Figure 4-26). If price were greater than;$6, quantity supplied would exceed quantity demanded, so suppliers would reduce their price to gain sales. If price were;less than $6, quantity demanded would exceed quantity supplied, so suppliers could raise their price without losing sales. ;In both cases, the price would